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kosa8 vs Cloudflare Sandboxes

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Cloudflare Sandboxes start a Linux container from a Durable Object in your Worker; each instance is a Firecracker microVM with its own kernel, placed by Cloudflare across its network [1] [2]. This page describes Sandboxes 1.0; the older @cloudflare/sandbox library is now Sandbox SDK 0.x [3]. kosa8 runs a microVM per sandbox on your machines, an air-gapped site or kosa8 Cloud, and saves memory so it can rewind and fork.

01The short verdict

Choose Cloudflare Sandboxes if

  • your product already runs on Workers and Durable Objects [1];
  • you want instances placed near users across Cloudflare's network without managing regions [4];
  • you need large default capacity: 15,000 concurrent vCPU per account, raisable [12];
  • SSO and account audit logs on every plan matter to you [8] [9].

Choose kosa8 if

  • code must stay on your machine, your servers or an air-gapped site [15];
  • you need to save memory and running processes and rewind to them [16];
  • you want to fork a running sandbox into live copies [16];
  • you want an audit log of what happened inside each sandbox, checkable by anyone [21].

02Cloudflare Sandboxes and kosa8, feature by feature

FeatureCloudflare Sandboxeskosa8
IsolationA Linux container inside a Firecracker microVM with its own kernel and network; Dynamic Workers run in the Workers runtime [1] [2]A microVM per sandbox with its own Linux kernel: Apple's Virtualization framework on a Mac, Cloud Hypervisor on KVM on x86-64 Linux; kosa8 Cloud runs the same sandboxes on kosa8's hosts [14]
Self-host and air-gapNot documentedYes: your computer, your own KVM Linux servers, or an air-gapped site with a signed offline licence (Enterprise, quoted) [15]
Bring your own cloud (BYOC)Not documentedYour own KVM Linux servers join your Cloud organization through an outbound tunnel, $0.20 per host-hour, no compute charge [15]
RegionsCloudflare picks locations across its network; no region list or pinning documented [4] [2]kosa8 Cloud: US (Dallas, Texas) and EU (Helsinki). Locally: wherever your machines are [16]
Fork a running VMNot documented; a snapshot handle can be restored later, also from another Durable Object [5]Yes: live copies with memory and processes intact (kosa8 fork; on Cloud up to 100 per call). Plans count how many copies run at once [16] [17]
Snapshots and rewindFilesystem only, in public beta: no memory or running processes; 30-day expiry, 20 GB cap [5] [6]Checkpoint and rewind of memory, processes and disk; a sleeping Cloud sandbox keeps a snapshot at $0.08 per GB-month [16] [17]
Egress allow-listYes: enableInternet: false by default, with HTTP and HTTPS intercepts for host globs and CIDRs, up to 128 entries [7]Host-enforced allow-list (names, *.domain, IPs, CIDRs) fixed at create, with API keys added by an egress broker outside the VM. kosa8 Cloud has no egress policy setting yet [18] [19]
Kill switch or freezeNot documented beyond destroy() on one instance [6]kosa8 sandbox pause --all stops every sandbox's CPUs in place; on Cloud an organization freeze refuses new work, sleeps every sandbox and can suspend keys [19] [20]
Audit trailAccount audit logs of logins and configuration on all plans; no record of commands inside a sandbox documented [8]Signed, hash-chained log anyone can check with kosa8 audit verify; Cloud streams it to Splunk, Datadog or a webhook [19] [21]
SSODashboard SSO free on all plans, through a Zero Trust organization (SAML examples) [9]kosa8 Cloud: OIDC with Okta, Entra ID or Google Workspace, and it can be required. No SAML or SCIM yet [19] [21]
GPUNot documentedNo. Sandboxes have no GPU today [22]
SDK languagesTypeScript and JavaScript in Workers; Dynamic Workers run JavaScript, Python or WebAssembly [1]Python, JavaScript and TypeScript, Go, Ruby, Java; plus an HTTP API, a CLI and an MCP server [16]
Pricing modelWorkers Paid plan ($5 a month) with allowances, then $0.000020 per vCPU-second (active CPU), $0.0000025 per GiB-second and disk per GB-second [10]Plans from $29 a month for your own machines, each with Cloud credit; Cloud per second at $0.048 per vCPU-hour and $0.0154 per GB-hour [17]
Free tierNo container usage on the Free plan; Workers Paid includes monthly allowances [10]Free on your computer after email sign-up (sandboxes, save and undo, dashboard); $30 of Cloud credit once a card is added [17]
Security audit statusCloudflare says it has a SOC 2 Type II report, shared under NDA [11]SOC 2 in progress (no report yet); no external penetration test yet [23]

Bracketed numbers point to the sources. "Not documented" means the vendor's own pages did not say on 2026-11-14; it does not mean the feature is missing.

03Where Cloudflare Sandboxes is stronger

  • Global placement. Instances start near the request across Cloudflare's network [4]; kosa8 Cloud has two regions [16].
  • Capacity. Default account limits of 15,000 concurrent vCPU and 60 TiB memory, raisable [12]; kosa8 Cloud defaults to 20 sandboxes per organization [17].
  • Platform fit. Sandboxes sit next to Workers, Durable Objects and the rest of Cloudflare, with free SSO and audit logs on all plans [8] [9].
  • Compliance paperwork. A SOC 2 Type II report under NDA [11]; kosa8 has none yet [23].

04Where kosa8 is different

  • Memory survives. Cloudflare snapshots capture the filesystem, not memory or processes [5]; kosa8 checkpoints capture all three [16].
  • Any language, any host. kosa8 has five SDKs and an HTTP API, and needs no Worker in front [16].
  • Off-cloud. Your computer, your servers or air-gapped [15].
  • Inside-the-sandbox audit. Each kosa8 action lands in a hash-chained log [21].

05Moving from Cloudflare Sandboxes to kosa8

Cloudflare's Sandbox SDK 0.x quickstart gets a sandbox from a Durable Object binding inside a Worker and runs a command [13]. kosa8 Cloud is a plain HTTPS API, so the same code runs from a Worker, a server or a laptop.

Cloudflare Sandbox SDK 0.x, from its get-started page:

typescript
import { getSandbox, proxyToSandbox, type Sandbox } from "@cloudflare/sandbox";
const sandbox = getSandbox(env.Sandbox, "my-sandbox");
const result = await sandbox.exec('python3 -c "print(2 + 2)"');

The same on kosa8 Cloud (TypeScript, npm install @kosa8/sdk):

typescript
import { Kosa8Cloud } from '@kosa8/sdk';

const cloud = new Kosa8Cloud(); // reads KOSA8_API_KEY
const box = await cloud.sandboxes.create({ template: 'python' });
const r = await box.exec(['python3', '-c', "print('hello')"]);
console.log(r.exitCode, r.stdout);
await box.delete();
  • There is no binding or Durable Object to declare; set KOSA8_API_KEY as a secret and call the API.
  • exec('a string') becomes exec(['argv', 'list']); wrap a shell line as ['sh', '-c', '…'].
  • destroy() becomes box.delete(), or box.sleep() to keep the disk [16].
  • Cloudflare's outbound intercepts map to --egress-allow on a local sandbox [18]; kosa8 Cloud has no egress setting yet [19].
  • Each kosa8 Cloud exec runs in a fresh container on the sandbox's disk: files under /workspace persist between commands, background processes do not. A buffered exec stops at 90 seconds; send stream: true for longer commands [16].
  • Templates today are base (Alpine), python (Python 3.12) and node (Node.js 22) [16].
  • An organization runs up to 20 sandboxes at once on kosa8 Cloud unless you ask for more [17].

06Questions

Are Cloudflare Sandboxes containers or VMs?

Both: your image runs as a Linux container inside a Firecracker microVM with its own kernel [2]. kosa8 runs a microVM per sandbox [14].

Do Cloudflare Sandbox snapshots keep memory?

No. Its snapshot guide says snapshots capture the filesystem, not memory or running processes, and they are in public beta [5]. kosa8 checkpoints keep memory and processes [16].

Can I use kosa8 from a Cloudflare Worker?

Yes. kosa8 Cloud is an HTTPS API with a bearer key, so a Worker can call it with fetch or the JavaScript SDK [16].

Which is cheaper?

Cloudflare bills active CPU and provisioned memory and disk on the $5 Workers Paid plan [10]; kosa8 Cloud bills vCPU and memory per second while a sandbox runs [17]. It depends on how long your sandboxes sit idle.

07Sources, checked on 2026-11-14

Every fact about another product comes from that vendor's own documentation or pricing page, read on 2026-11-14. Where its pages do not say, the table says "not documented" rather than guess. Products change quickly: check the current pages before you decide, and tell us if something here is out of date.

  1. Cloudflare docs: Sandboxes overview
  2. Cloudflare docs: Containers platform details
  3. Cloudflare docs: Migrate from Sandbox SDK 0.x
  4. Cloudflare docs: Containers FAQ
  5. Cloudflare docs: Container snapshots
  6. Cloudflare docs: Sandbox lifetime
  7. Cloudflare docs: Outbound traffic
  8. Cloudflare docs: Review audit logs
  9. Cloudflare docs: Dashboard SSO
  10. Cloudflare docs: Containers pricing
  11. Cloudflare: SOC 2
  12. Cloudflare docs: Containers limits
  13. Cloudflare docs: Sandbox SDK get started
  14. kosa8: Security, isolation model
  15. kosa8: Where kosa8 runs
  16. kosa8 docs: kosa8 Cloud
  17. kosa8: Pricing
  18. kosa8 guide: network allow-list
  19. kosa8 docs: Security Center
  20. kosa8 docs: Your first sandbox
  21. kosa8 docs: Governance
  22. kosa8: FAQ
  23. kosa8: Trust Center

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